Which organism primarily causes tuberculosis (TB)?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the primary organism that causes tuberculosis (TB). This bacterium is a slow-growing pathogen that primarily infects the lungs, although it can affect other parts of the body as well. It is characterized by a waxy cell wall that makes it resistant to many common treatments and disinfectants, contributing to its persistence in the environment and within the human body.

The importance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in public health cannot be overstated, as TB remains a significant global health issue. The organism can be transmitted through airborne particles when an infected person coughs or sneezes, allowing it to spread easily within populations, especially in areas with high rates of HIV or where healthcare systems may be less robust.

In contrast, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pneumoniae are associated with different infections. Staphylococcus aureus is commonly associated with skin infections, food poisoning, and sometimes severe infections in hospitals. Escherichia coli is often linked to gastrointestinal diseases and urinary tract infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae is primarily known for causing pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. Each of these bacteria has distinct virulence factors and modes of transmission, which differentiate them from Mycobacter