Which medication is a bone-modifying agent that increases bone density?

Denosumab, marketed as Prolia, is indeed recognized as a bone-modifying agent that works by inhibiting osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption. By blocking these cells, Denosumab reduces bone turnover and loss, thereby increasing bone density over time. This mechanism makes it especially beneficial for individuals at high risk of fractures, such as postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

In contrast, while Alendronate (Fosamax) is also a bone-modifying agent that increases bone density, Denosumab is notable for its different mechanism of action as a monoclonal antibody targeting RANKL, leading to a more targeted approach in bone metabolism. Therefore, while Alendronate is an alternative, Denosumab is often highlighted in specific contexts due to its distinct therapeutic profile and administration methods.

Metformin is primarily used for managing type 2 diabetes and doesn't affect bone density directly. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that provides pain relief and reduces inflammation but is not involved in bone density modifications.