Which cardiovascular condition requires antibiotic prophylaxis during dental treatment?

Antibiotic prophylaxis during dental treatment is specifically recommended for patients with certain cardiovascular conditions to prevent the risk of infective endocarditis. Congenital heart disease falls under this category, as individuals with this condition may have structural heart defects that can allow bacteria from the oral cavity to enter the bloodstream during invasive dental procedures. This can potentially lead to serious infections of the heart lining or valves.

Patients with congenital heart disease, especially those with specific defects or those who have undergone certain cardiac procedures, are at a higher risk for endocarditis. As a preventive measure, antibiotics are administered before dental procedures that might cause bacteria to enter the bloodstream.

Other conditions listed, such as hypertension, angina, and heart murmurs, do not typically require prophylactic antibiotics in a dental context. While they are significant cardiovascular issues, they do not pose the same risk for developing infective endocarditis as congenital heart disease does. Thus, the recommendation for antibiotic prophylaxis is specifically targeted at individuals with congenital heart abnormalities.