What physiological state could increase heart rates due to strong emotions?

The physiological state that increases heart rates due to strong emotions is stress. When a person experiences stress, the body reacts by activating the sympathetic nervous system, often referred to as the "fight or flight" response. This response leads to the release of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which cause an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow to vital organs and muscles.

During stressful situations or when strong emotions are felt, the heart works harder to pump blood throughout the body, preparing it to react appropriately to perceived threats or challenges. This physiological change can enhance alertness and readiness for action, but if experienced frequently or chronically, it can have negative health effects over time.

In contrast, states like sleep tend to decrease heart rate as the body is in a relaxed state. Fasting and chronic illness may influence heart rate but not primarily due to strong emotions like stress does. Therefore, stress stands out as the key factor significantly affecting heart rate due to emotional responses.