What are common oral side effects associated with antidepressants?

Antidepressants are known to affect various bodily functions, and one of the common oral side effects is xerostomia, or dry mouth. This occurs because certain antidepressants can inhibit saliva production, which is essential for maintaining oral health and preventing cavities. Extreme dryness in the mouth can lead to difficulty in swallowing and speaking, as well as an increased risk of dental caries and gum disease due to the reduced cleansing effect of saliva.

Bruxism, or teeth grinding, is another side effect associated with certain classes of antidepressants. It can contribute to jaw discomfort, tooth wear, and other dental issues. The occurrence of bruxism is linked to alterations in neurotransmitter levels, which can be influenced by these medications.

This combination of xerostomia and bruxism makes choice B the correct answer, as they are both direct oral health implications of using antidepressants. Other options do not accurately reflect typical oral side effects associated with antidepressant use. For instance, caries and gingival hyperplasia may occur due to other medications or conditions but are not commonly highlighted as direct effects of antidepressants. Similarly, halitosis and increased salivation do not typically result from these drugs, and tooth sensitivity and swelling can be due to various other dental