How is tuberculosis primarily transmitted?

Tuberculosis (TB) is primarily transmitted through airborne particles, specifically respiratory droplets that are expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or sings. When these droplets are inhaled by another person, the bacteria can enter the lungs and lead to infection. This mode of transmission highlights the importance of respiratory hygiene and the need for effective ventilation in areas where TB might spread.

Options that involve direct contact with surfaces, contaminated food or water, or sexual contact do not accurately represent the primary pathway of TB transmission. While other diseases can be spread through those means, TB is distinctly linked to the airborne route, making it crucial for public health measures to focus on reducing aerosol exposure in populations at risk. Understanding this transmission route is vital for dental hygienists and healthcare professionals, as they must implement strategies to prevent infection in clinical settings.